Which of the following best defines natural resources?

The definition of natural resources is best captured by the understanding that these are minerals and materials formed through natural processes within the Earth that provide benefits to humans. This includes a wide array of substances such as metals, fossil fuels, and various naturally occurring materials that can be utilized for economic gain, energy, and construction, among others.

Natural resources play a crucial role in human survival and development, as they are vital for producing goods, powering industries, and providing the means for modern living. The emphasis on being beneficial to humans highlights the relationship between the earth's geological materials and human needs, further underscoring the concept of resource utilization.

In comparison, the other options do not encompass the broader scope of what natural resources entail. For instance, essential elements for plant nutrition are specific to agriculture and do not represent the full spectrum of resources available from nature. Work involving the extraction of resources pertains to the processes used to obtain resources but does not define what those resources are. Lastly, labeling natural resources as a negative aspect of population growth misrepresents their value and potential, as the issue is more about sustainable management and consumption rather than the intrinsic nature of the resources themselves.